so, the precipitants had about 100 mil i graham capk caffeine and 1.4 graham toline, which is approximately 1/10 of energy drink. so, from our study, it is unclear if there is a dose dependence effect of injury drinks or not. we only investigated, as i said, little dosages which showed an increase in contractility which is, from our point of view, is no concerns in healthy volunteers at least at those levels. >> so the question is: what are the risks? >> right. >> what are the biggest issues with the drink? is it the caffeine or the taurine? the taurine has been shown to increase contractility but to be positive in people who have serious heart problems? >> therefore, we investigated 10 participants using a caffeine-only protocol which includes the same amount of caffeine the energy drink did and we did not find a significant increase in contr t contractibility as we have seen it in the energy drink group. so probably, it is the tauline or the combination of the i n d ingredients the energy drink that causes this change in contractibility. >> looking at the amount of caffeine in the drifshi